One of the processes that the Buddha describes as a way in which we construct our sense of self is the endless proliferation of thought in our minds. In the Pali language, this is known as papancha. Andrew Olendzki describes the mental proliferation that occurs all the time and we often observe during meditation in an article that you can find here: What is Papañca?
Christina Feldman gave a talk on dependent origination, a core teaching of the Buddha on the interdependence of causes and conditions that helps explain how our world operates both externally and internally, and is a major contributor to our view of the self. Portions of the talk were converted into an article that you can find here: Dependent Origination