One area of the Buddha’s teaching describes the set of processes that we often identify with as the self. Known as the aggregates or skandhas, these five processes include the physical processes of the body as well as several mental processes. Gaylon Ferguson unpacks each of these processes and attempts to show why identifying with any of them to define who we are will lead to dissatisfaction. You can find his article here: How the Five Skandhas Build our Sense of Self
Jack Kornfield wrote a brief article that looks at the way we often identify with our roles in the world to provide a sense of self. You can find his article here: Identification with Self